Ethanolic Extracts Of A. Paniculata (burm. f.) Nees And Its Active Compound, Andrographolide, Decrease The Expression Of Glucose Transporters (glut 4) In High Fuctose-Fat Fed Rats
Keywords:
Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees, andrographolide, insulin resistance, GLUT-4Abstract
Andrographolide is a major compound (> 4%) of Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees. The compound is most active than the other compounds contained in the plant. Previously, the compound was reported showing hypoglycemic activity in type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) rats. The compound also improved the uptake of glucose in isolated soleus muscle of type 1 DM rats by increasing the GLUT4 expression. The disruption of GLUT4 translocation is a major factor of insulin resistance. In the study, we investigated the effect of andrografolid and ethanolic extract of A. paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees on the GLUT4 expression in high fuctose-fat fed rats, a model of insulin resistant rats. Insulin resistance in rats was induced by high fructose-fat containing 36% fructose, 15% lard and 5% egg yolks in 0.36 g/200g BW for 55 days. In the study, andrographolide and ethanolic extract of A. paniculata (Burm. f.) showed potent hypoglycaemic effects in insulin resistant rats. In addition, these treatments and metformin could restore the depleted GLUT-4 expression in insulin resistant rats. In conclusion, andrographolide and ethanolic extract of A. paniculata (Burm. f.) decreased the blood glucose levels by increasing the GLUT-4 expression in insulin resistant rats.
References
Greenspan FS, Strewler GJ. Basic and Clinical
Endocrinology. 5th Ed. Prentice-Hall
International Inc. Sydney. 1997;605-609.
Rang HP, Dale MM, Ritte JM. Pharmacology.
th Ed. Churchill Livingstone. Melbourne.
;385-340.
Tisch R, McDevitt H. Insulin-Dependent
Diabetes Mellitus. Cell, 1996;85:291-297.
Bastaki S. Diabetes Mellitus and Its
Treatment. Int J Diabetes & Metabolism.
;13:111-134
Bailey CJ, Day C. Traditional plant medicines
as treatments for diabetes. Diabetes Care,
;12(8):553-564.
6.Srinivasan K. Plant foods in the
management of diabetes mellitus: spices as
beneficial antidiabetic food adjuncts. Int J
Food Sci Nutr. 2005;56(6):399-414.
Niranjan A, Tewari S, Lehri A. Biological
activities of Kalmegh (Andrograpis paniculata
Nees. Indian J Nat Proc Resour,
;1(2):125-135.
Zhang XF, Tan BK, Anti-diabetic property of
ethanolic extract of Andrographis paniculata in
streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Acta Pharmacol
Sin, 2000;1(12):1157-1164.
Dandu AM, Inamdar NM. Evaluation of
beneficial effects of antioxidant properties of
aqueous leaf extract of Andrographis
paniculata in STZ-induced diabetes. Pak J
Pharm Sci, 2009;22(1):49-52.
Cheung HY, Cheung CS, Kong CK.
Determination of bioactive diterpenoids from
Andrographis paniculata by micellar
electrokinetic chromatography. J Chromatogr
A 2001;930(1-2):171-176.
Pholphana N, Rangkadilok N, Thongnest S,
Ruchirawat S, Ruchirawat M, Satayavivad J.
Determination and variation of three active
diterpenoids in Andrographis paniculata
(Burm.f.) Nees. Phytochem Anal,
;15(6):365-371.
Burgos RA, Caballero EE, Sánchez NS,
Schroeder RA, Wikman GK, Hancke JL.
Testicular toxicity assessment of Andrographis
paniculata dried extract in rats. J
Ethnopharmacol, 1997;58(3):219-224.
Yu BC, Hung CR, Chen WC, Cheng JT.
Antihyperglycemic effect of andrographolide in
streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Planta
Med, 2003;69(12):1075-1079.
Subramanian R, Asmawi MZ, Sadikun A. In
vitro alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase
enzyme inhibitory effects of Andrographis
paniculata extract and andrographolide. Acta
Biochim Pol, 2008;55(2):391-398.
Suga A, Hirano T, Kageyama H, Osaka T,
Namba Y, Tsuji M, Miura M, Adachi M, Inoue.
Effects of fructose and glucose on plasma
leptin, insulin, and insulin resistance in lean
and VMH-lesioned obese rats. Am J Physiol
Endocrinol Metab, 2000;278:E677-E683.
Pooranaperundevi M, Sumiyabanu MS,
Viswanathan P, Sundarapandiyan R,
Anuradha CV. Insulin resistance induced by a
high- fructose diet potentiates thioacetamide
hepatotoxicity. Singapore Med,
;J51(5):389-398.
Chi TC, Liu IM, Cheng JT. Less of insulin
desensitization in sympathetic nerve terminals
from wistar rats with insulin resistance. J
Auton Nerv Syst, 2000;80(1-2):80-84.
Katja CZ, Mario S, Artur-Aron W, Franz B,
Helmut EG, Karsten S. Cyclooxygenase-2
expression in human esophageal carcinoma.
Cancer Res, 1999;59:98-204.
Akiba T, Yaguchi K, Tsutsumi K, Nishioka T,
Koyama I, Nomura M, Yokogawa K, Moritani
S, Miyamoto K. Inhibitory mechanism of
caffeine on insulin-stimulated glucose uptake
in adipose cells. Biochem Pharmacol, 2004;
(10):1929-1937.
Bessesen DH. The role of carbohydrates in
insulin resistance. J Nutr,
;131(10):2782S-2786S.
Malinauskas BM, Aeby VG, Overton RF,
Carpenter-Aeby T, Barber-Heidal K. A survey
of energy drink consumption patterns among
college students. Nutr J, 2007;6:35.
Patel JV, Cummings DE, Girod JP,
Mascarenhas AV, Hughes EA, Gupta M, Lip
GY, Reddy S, Brotman DJ. Role of
metabolically active hormones in the insulin
resistance associated with short-term
glucocorticoid treatment. J Negat Results
Biomed, 2006;5:4.
Shulman GI. Cellular mechanisms of insulin
resistance. J Clin Invest, 2000;106(2):171-176.
Marette A, Burdett E, Douen A, Vranic M, Klip
A. Insulin induces the translocation of GLUT4
from a unique intracellular organelle to
transverse tubules in rat skeletal muscle.
Diabetes, 1992;41(12):1562-1569.
Watson RT, Pessin JE. Intracellular
organization of insulin signaling and GLUT4
translocation. Recent Prog Horm Res,
;56:175-193.
Mueckler M. Insulin resistance and the
disruption of Glut4 trafficking in skeletal
muscle. J Clin Invest, 2001;107(10):1211-
Fernandez-Veledo S, Nieto-Vazquez I, de
Castro J, Ramos MP, Brüderlein S, Möller P,
Lorenzo M. Hyperinsulinemia induces insulin
resistance on glucose and lipid metabolism in
a human adipocytic cell line: paracrine
interaction with myocytes. J Clin Endocrinol
Metab, 2008;93(7):2866-2876.
D’Angelo G, Elmarakby AA, Pollock DM,
Stepp DW. Fructose Feeding Increases Insulin
Resistance but Not Blood Pressure in
Sprague-Dawley Rats. Hypertension,
;46:806-811.
Elliott SS, Keim NL, Stern JS, Teff K, Havel
PJ. Fructose, weight gain, and the insulin
resistance syndrome. Am J Clin Nutr,
;76:911–922.
Henquin JC. Pathways in b-Cell StimulusSecretion Coupling as Targets for Therapeutic
Insulin Secretagogues. Diabetes, 2004;53
(Suppl. 3):S48–S58.
Klip A, Leiter L. Cellular Mechanism of Action
of Metformin. Diabetes Care, 1990;13(6):696-
Widyawati T. Aspek Farmakologi Sambiloto
(Andrographis paniculata Nees). Majalah
Kedokteran Nusantara, 2007;40(3):216-222.
Rao YK, Vimalamma G, Rao CV, Tzeng YM.
Flavonoids and andrographolides from
Andrographis paniculata. Phytochemistry,
;65:2317–2321.
Chao WW, Lin BF. Isolation and identification
of bioactive compounds in Andrographis
paniculata (Chuanxinlian). Chinese Medicine,
;5:17
Yu BC, Chang CK, Su CF, Cheng JT.
Mediation of beta-endorphin in
andrographolide-induced plasma glucoselowering action in type I diabetes-like animals.
Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol,
;377(4-6):529-540.
