In Vitro antioxidant activity of Polygonum Glabrum
Keywords:
Polygonum glabrum, methanol extract, hydroxyl radical, lipid peroxidation, sesqueterpenesAbstract
Assessment of antioxidant activity was imperative in the screening of medicinal plants for potential health benefits. In present study methanol extract of Polygonum glabrum (polygonaceae) was screened for its in vitro antioxidant activity using biologically relevant methodologies which scavenge radicals such as 1,1 diphenyl 2 picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl, superoxide anion and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS). Total reducing ability by conversion of ferric (III) to ferrous (II) and molybdenum (VI) to molybdenum (V), metal ion chelating capacity and anti lipid peroxidation activities were also examined. The antioxidant ability of Polygonum glabrum whole plant extract was found to be in a dose dependent manner. The IC50 values for scavenging of DPPH● and ABTS●+ free radicals were 13.18 μg/ml and 20.46 μg/ml. For scavenging of nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl and superoxide anion radicals, the IC50 values were found to be 80.22 μg/ml, 33.06 μg/ml, 52.26μg/ml and 36.98 μg/ml respectively. Further, addition of 120μg/ml of plant extract to the reaction mixture produced 50% lipid peroxidation inhibition activity. Commercial antioxidants such as vitamin E, quercetin, butylated hydroxytoluene and ascorbic acid were used as reference compounds. The strong antioxidant activity of Polygonum glabrum may be credited to the presence of triterpenes [beta-hydroxyfriedalanol], phenols [3-hydroxy-5-methoxystilbene], flavonoids [pinocembrin and pinocembrin-5-methylether], steroids [sitosterol - (6-O-palmitoyl)- 3-O-β-D glucopyranoside and sitosterol-3-O-β-D glucopyranoside], sesqueterpenes [2,3-dihydroxy isodrimeninol] and pigments etc in methanol extract.
References
. Freeman BA, Campo JD. Biology of disease: free radicals and tissue injury. Lab Invest. 1982; 47(5): 412–426. [2]. Sengupta A, Ghosh M, Bhattacharyya DK. In vitro antioxidant assay of medium chain fatty acid rich rice bran oil in comparison to native rice bran oil. J Food Sci Technol. 2015; 52(8):5188–5195. [3]. Mojarab M, Emami SA, Hassanzadeh-Khayyat M. Antioxidant activity of methanol extracts of different species of Artemisia from Iran. Pharmacologyonline. 2009; 2:797–807 [4]. Michiels C, Raes M, Toussaint O, Remacle J. Importance of Se-glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and Cu/Zn-SOD for cell survival against oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med. 1994; 17: 235–248. [5]. Small DM, Coombes JS, Bennett N, Johnson DW, Gobe GC.: Oxidative stress, anti-oxidant therapies and chronic kidney disease. Nephrology (Carlton). 2012; 17(4): 311–321. [6]. Alagumanivasagam G, Pasupathy R, Kottaimuthu A, Manavalan R. A Review on in-vitro antioxidant methods. Int J Pharm & Chem Sci. 2012; 1(2): 662-674. [7]. Shankar LH, Mishra PK. Study of aquatic medicinal plants of Hazaribagh district of Jharkhand,India. Int Res J pharm. 2012; 3(4): 405-409. [8]. Khan MF, Islam Rabbi SN, Fahima Aktar MD, Kawsar H. In vitro Cytotoxic, membrane stabilizing and thrombolytic activities of Polygonum glabrum Willd. Bangladesh pharm. j. 2014; 17(2): 202-204 [9]. Babitha S, David B, Otilia JFB. Investigation on antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic leaf extract of Polygonum glabrum Wild on carbon tetrachloride- induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Spatula DD. 2012; 2(4): 199-205. [10]. Palani R, Karunakaran D, Rajesh V, Mathivanan K ,Jayaraman P. Analysis of antioxidant, antimicrobial activity and phytochemical potential of Cleistanthus collinus Roxb.,Polygonum glabrum Wild. and Melia azedarch Linn. Asian J. Med. Pharm. Sci. 2014; 2(2): 149-159. [11]. Said MS, Chinchansure AA, Nawale L, Durge A, Wadhwani A, Kulkarni SS, Sarkar D & Joshi SP. A new butenolide cinnamate and other biological active chemical constituents from Polygonum glabrum. Nat. Prod. Res. 2015;29(22): 2080-2086, [12]. Mohammed IS. Phytochemical studies of flavonoids from Polygonum glabrum L. of Sudan. MSc thesis, Chemistry, University of Khartoum; 1996. [13]. Jacobsson U, Muddathir AK. Four biologically active Sesquiterpenes of the drimane type isolated from Polygonum glabrum. Phytochemistry. 1992; 31(12):4207–4211. [14]. Tailor CS, Goyal A. Antioxidant Activity by DPPH Radical Scavenging Method of Ageratum conyzoides Linn. Leaves. Am J Ethnomed. 2014; 1 (4): 244-249. [15]. parul R, kundu SK, pijush saha P. In vitro nitric oxide scavenging activity of methanol extracts of three Bangladeshi medicinal plants. The pharm innov j. 2013; 1(12) : 83 -88. [16]. Gayathri G, nair BR, babu V. Scavenging of free radicals and total phenols of methanol extract of Azima tetracantha lam. Int j pharm sci. 2014; 6(9): 347-351. [17]. Nishimiki M, Rao NA, Yagi K. The occurrence of superoxide anion in the reaction of reduced phenazine methosulfate and molecular oxygen. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1972; 46:849-53. [18]. Prieto P, Pineda M, Aguilar M. Spectrophotometric quantitation of antioxidant capacity through the formation of a phosphomolybdenum complex: specific application to the determination of vitamin E Anal. Biochem. 1999; 269(2):337-41. [19]. Re R, Pellegrini N, Proteggente A, Yang M, Rice-Evans C. Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay. Free Radic Biol Med. 1999; 26:1231–7. [20]. Adjimani JP, Asare P. Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of iron chelators. Toxicology Reports. 2015; 2:721–728. [21]. Jayanthi P, Lalitha P. Reducing power of the solvent extracts of eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) solms. Int j pharm pharma sci.2011; 3(3): 126-128. [22]. Chiang HC, Lo YJ, Lu FJ. Xanthine oxidase inhibitors from the leaves of Alsophila spinulosa (Hook) Tryon. J Enzyme Inhib. 1994; 8:61–71. [23]. Bouchet N, Barrier L, Fauconneau B. Radical scavenging activity and antioxidant properties of tannins from Guiera senegalensis (Combretaceae). Phytother Res. 1998; 12:159-62. [24]. Bors W, Heller W, Michel C, Saran M. Flavonoids as antioxidants: determination of radical-scavenging efficiencies. Methods Enzymol. 1990;186: 343-355. [25]. Van Acker SA, Tromp MN, Haenen GR, van der Vijgh WJ, Bast A. Flavonoids as scavengers of nitric oxide radical. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1995; 214 (3):755-9. [26]. Ozyurek M B, Bektasoglu, Guclu K, Gungor N, Apak R. A novel hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay of phenolics and flavonoids using cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) methodology. J. Food Compos. Anal. 2010;23 (7): 689–698. [27]. Ezhilan B, Neelamegam R. GC-MS Determination of bioactive compounds of Polygonum glabrum (Wild). Journal of Phytology. 2011; 3(9): 23-25. [28]. Barbusiński K. Fenton reaction-controversy concerning the chemistry. Ecol Chem Eng. 2009;16(3):348-358. [29]. Cheng IF, Breen K. On the ability of four flavonoids, baicilein, luteolin, naringenin, and quercetin, to suppress the Fenton reaction of the iron-ATP complex. Biometals. 2000; 13(1):77-83. [30].Karimian P, Kavoosi G, Amirghofran Z. Anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of Tagetes minuta essential oil in activated macrophages. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2014;4(3):219-27. [31]. Ahmad SA, Shukor MY, Shamaan NA, Mac Cormack WP, Syed MA. Molybdate reduction to molybdenum blue by an antarctic bacterium. Biomed res int. 2013; 2013: 871941. [32]. Schottner M, Gansser D, Spiteller G. Interaction of lignan with human sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). J Biosci. 1997; 52:834-843. [33]. Doss A, Parivuguna V. Gc Ms Analysis Of Polygonum Glabrum leaf petroleum ether extract. Journal of Modern Drug Discovery and Drug Delivery Research. 2015; 3(4): 1-3. [34]. Dusan Malesev D, kunti V. Review investigation of metal–flavonoid chelates and the determination of flavonoids via metal–flavonoid complexing reactions. J. Serb. Chem. Soc. 2007; 72 (10) 921–939. [35]. Braughler JM, Duncan LA, Chase RL. The involvement of iron in lipid peroxidation. Importance of ferric to ferrous ratios in initiation. 1986; 261(22):10282-10289.
