Seasonal variation of phenolics, flavonoids, antioxidant and lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity of methanolic extract of Melilotus indicus and its sub-fractions in different solvents

Authors

  • Dildar Ahmed Department of Chemistry, Forman Christian College – A Chartered University, Ferozpur Road, Lahore – 54600, Pakistan
  • Hira Baig Department of Chemistry, Forman Christian College – A Chartered University, Ferozpur Road, Lahore – 54600, Pakistan
  • Saman Zara Department of Chemistry, Forman Christian College – A Chartered University, Ferozpur Road, Lahore – 54600, Pakistan

Keywords:

Melilotus indicus, phenolics, antioxidant, peroxidation, seasonal variations

Abstract

In the present work, seasonal variations of total phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant activity and lipid peroxidation inhibitory activities of methanolic extract of Melilotus indicus and its sub-fractions in different solvents have been evaluated. The study was conducted on plant samples collected in February and April which are its flowering and fruiting seasons respectively. Both phenolic and flavonoid contents were higher in methanolic extract of the plant collected in April than in February. Free radical scavenging activity measured through DPPH method was low in methanolic extracts of both the samples, although it decreased as we go from February to April. Ethyl acetate fractions showed highest % inhibition. Total antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts measured through phosphomolybdate assay remained almost same. Chloroform fraction showed the highest value in both the seasons with value in April higher than in February, 57.24 and 46.44 µg of ascorbic acid equivalents per mg of the dried mass, respectively. The methanolic extract of April sample showed higher FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) value than that of February. In February, ethyl acetate fraction showed highest FRAP value, while in April, chloroform exhibited the highest value. Methanolic extracts and fractions in all solvents showed remarkable ability to inhibit peroxidation in linoleic acid. After 72 hours, all samples were much more effective than the standard BHA. Seasonal variations affect biosynthesis of different types of antioxidant and free radical scavenging compounds in Melilotus indicus. Thus, the medicinal and nutritional value of the plant will depend on harvesting season.

References

. Anon.,

http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.asp

x?flora_id=5&taxon_id=120149,

(2011).

. GRIN, Melilotus indicus". Germplasm

Resources Information Network

(GRIN) online database.

. Anon.,

http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.asp

x?flora_id=5&taxon_id=242332063,

(2011).

. Memon AH, Rind FMA, Laghari

MGH, Mughal UR, Memon N, Gilal

RA, Khuhawar MY, Almani F.

Common folk medicinal and

ethnomedicinal uses of thirty

medicinal plants of districts Dadu

and Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan,

Sindh Univ. Res. Jour. (Sci.

Ser.),2008, 40 (2), 89-108

. Qureshi SJ, Khan MA, Ahmad M. A

survey of useful medicinal plants of

Abbottabad in northern Pakistan,

Trakia Journal of Sciences, 2008,

(4) , 39-51

. Hussain K, Shahazad A, Zia-ulHussnain S. An Ethnobotanical

Survey of Important Wild Medicinal

Plants of Hattar District Haripur,

Pakistan. Ethnobotanical Leaflet,

, 12, 29-35

. Francisco AM, Ana MS, Juan GGG.

Bioactive Steroids and Triterpenes

from Melilotus messanensis and

Their Allelopathic Potential, J.

Chem. Ecol., 1997, 23(7), 1781-

. Yavada RN, Jain S. A new bioactive

flavone glycoside from the seeds of

Melilotus indica All, J Asian Nat

Prod Res., 2005, 7, 595–599

. Nigel CV. Isoflavonoids of the

Leguminosae, J. Nat. Prod. Rep.,

, (24), 417-464

. Silva Gilberto AB, Saraiva de

Siqueira, Cloris N, Sant'Ana, Belkis

MS, Bauer Luiz. Revista Brasileira

de Farmacia, 1976, 57(3-4), 111-

. Khafagy SM, Sabri N, Nazmi, AbouDonia AH. var. Tommasinii Jord,

Egyptian Journal of Pharmaceutical

Sciences, 1980, 19(1-4), 293-300

. Khare CP. Indian Medicinal Plants,

Springer-Verlag Berlin/Heidelberg,

, 404-405

. Maxwell SR. Prospect for the use of

antioxidant therapies, Drugs, 1995,

, 345-361

. Nijveldt R, Nood E, Hoorn D,

Boelens P, Norren K, Leeuwen P.

Flavonoids: a review of probable

mechanisms of action and potential

applications, Amer. J. Clin. Nutr.,

, 74, 418-425

. Rechner AR, Kuhnle G, Brember P,

Hubbard GP, Moore KP, Rive-Evans

CA. The metabolic fate of dietary

polyphenols in humans, Free Radic.

Biol. Med., 2002, 33, 220-235

. Ayoola GA, Sofidiya T, Odukoya O,

Coker HAB. Phytochemical

screening and free radical

scavenging activity of some Nigerian

medicinal plants, J. Pharm. Sci. &

Pharm. Pract., 2006, 89(3&4), 133-

. Hagerman AE, Riedl KM, Jones GA,

Sovik KN, Ritchard NT, Hartzfeld

PW. High molecular weight plant

polyphenolics (tannins) as biological

antioxidants, J Agric Food Chem.,

, 46,1887-1892

. Heim KE, Tagliaferro AR, Bobilya

DJ. Flavonoid antioxidants:

Chemistry, metabolism and

structure- activity relationships, J

Nutr Biochem., 2002, 13, 572-584

. Kaur R, Arora S. Investigations of

antioxidant activity of methanol

extract of Chukrasia tabularis A.

Juss. Leaves, Journal of Chinese

Clinical Medicine, 2008, 4, 200-205

. Sezai E, Emine O, Ozlem O,

Memnune S, Gungor N. Seasonal

variation of total phenolic,

antioxidant activity, plant nutritional

elements, and fatty acids in tea

leaves (Camellia sinensis var.

sinensis clone derepazari 7) grown

in Turkey, Pharmaceutical Biology,

, 46 (10-11), 683-687

. Harbowy ME, Balentine DA. Tea

Chemistry, Crit. Rev. Plant Sci.,

, 16, 415-480

. Sahreen S, Khan MR, Khan RA.

Evaluation of antioxidant activities of

various solvent extracts of Carissa

opaca fruits, Food Chemistry, 2010,

(4), 1205-1211

. Slinkard K, Singleton VL. Total

Phenol Analysis: Automation and

Comparison with Manual Methods,

American Journal of Enology and

Viticulture, 1977, 28, 49 – 55

. Brand-Williams W, Cuvelier ME,

Berset C. Use of free radical method

to evaluate antioxidant activity,

Lebensmittel-Wissencraft undTechnologie, 1995, 28, 25-30

. Umamaheswari M, Chatterjee TK. In

vitro antioxidant activities of the

fractions of Cocinnia grandis,

African Journal of Traditional

Complementary and Alternative

Medicine, 2008, 5(1), 61-73

. Benzie IFF, Strain JJ. The ferric

reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as

a measure of “antioxidant power”;

the FRAP assay, Anal Biochem.,

, 239, 70-76

. Mitsuda H, Yasumoto K, Iwami K.

Antioxidative action of indole

compounds during the autooxidation

of linoleic acid, Euyo to Shokuryo,

, 19, 210-214

. Dajas F, Arredondo F, Echeverry C,

Ferreira M, Morquio A, Rivera F.

Flavonoids and the brain: Evidences

and putative mechanisms for a

protective capacity, Curr.

Neuropharmacol., 2005, 3, 193-205

. Harbowy ME, Balentine DA. Tea

Chemistry, Crit. Rev. Plant Sci.,

, 16, 415-480

. Mahanta PK, Baruah HK. The

aflavin pigment formation and

polyphenol oxidase activity as

criteria of fermentation in orthodox

and CTC teas, J. Agric. Food

Chem., 1992, 40, 860-863

. Soares JR, Dinis TCP, Cunha AP,

Amedia LM. Antioxidant activity of

some extracts of Thymus zygis,

Free Rad Res., 1997, 26, 469-478

. Oyaizu M. Studies on product of

Brownian reaction prepared from

glucosamine, Jpn J Nutr., 1986, 44,

-315

. Ahmed D, Arshad MA, Asghar MN,

Aujla MI. Antioxidant and Free

radical Scavenging Potential of

Otostegia limbata, Asian Journal of

Chemistry, 2010, 22(6), 4524-4532

. Huang D, Boxin OU, Ronald L. The

Chemistry behind Antioxidant

Capacity Assays, J. Agric. Food

Chem., 2005, 53, 1841-1856

Downloads

Published

30-09-2012

How to Cite

1.
Dildar Ahmed, Hira Baig, Saman Zara. Seasonal variation of phenolics, flavonoids, antioxidant and lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity of methanolic extract of Melilotus indicus and its sub-fractions in different solvents. ijp [Internet]. 2012 Sep. 30 [cited 2024 Dec. 6];4(3):326-32. Available from: https://ijp.arjournals.org/index.php/ijp/article/view/182

Issue

Section

Original Research Articles