In vitro Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Studies on Bark, Wood and Fruits of Terminalia catappa L.
Keywords:
Terminalia catappa L., Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatoryAbstract
The present study was carried out to study the in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of bark, wood and fruits of Terminalia catappa. In vitro antioxidant studies were performed using DPPH assay and lipid peroxidation assay. In vitro anti-inflammatory studies were also performed in the aqueous extracts using protease inhibition, membrane stabilization and protein denaturation inhibition assays. Aqueous extract of bark has shown maximum antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities when compared to that of wood and fruits. The results of the present study clearly revealed the dose dependent activities of all the parts selected. The present study showed in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities which scientifically proved the ethnomedicinal claim of the selected plant drugs.
References
Halliwell B and Gutteridge JMC. Free radicals in biology and medicine. 4th Edition. Oxford, UK: Clarendon press, 2007; 185-210.
. Valko M, Morris H and Cronin MTD. Metals, toxicity and oxidative stress. Current Medicinal Chemistry, 2005; 12: 1161-1208.
. Kumar V, Abbas AK and Fausto N. Robbins and Cotran pathologic basis of disease. 7th Edition, Elsevier Publishers, UK, 2005; 582-595.
. Kamat JP. Phytochemicals and radioprotection. In: Chiranji B Chakraborty (Ed), Advances in biochemistry and biotechnology, 2007; 67 - 82.
. Arora S, Kaur K and Kaur S. Indian medicinal plants as reservoir of protective phytochemicals. Teratogenesis Carcinogenesis and Mutagenesis, 2003; 10: 295-300.
. Chitmanat C, Tongdonmuan K, Khanom P, Pachontis P and Nunsong W. ISHS Acta Horticulturae 678: WOCMAP Congress on medicinal and aromatic plants-Volume 4: Targeted screening of Medicinal and aromatic plants economics and law, 2005; 324-328.
. Masuda T, Yonemori S, Oyama Y, Tekeda Y, Tanaka T, Andoh T, Shinohara A and Nakata M. Evaluation of environmental plants activity of the leaf extracts from sea shore plants. Journal of Agricultural and Food chemistry, 1999; 47: 1749-1754.
. Neelavathi P, Venkatalakshmi P and Brindha P. Antibacterial activities of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Terminalia catappa leaves and bark against some pathogenic bacteria. International journal of Pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences. 2013; 5: 114-120.
. Lin CC, Hsu YF and Lin TC. Effects of punicalagin and punicalin on carrageenan induced inflammation in rats. The American Journal of Chinese medicine, 1999; 27: 371-376.
. Venkatalakshmi P, Brindha P and Induja K. In vitro anti oxidant and anti-tumour activities of Terminalia catappa Bark. International Journal of Pharmacy and pharmaceutical Sciences, 2014; 6: 1-3.
. Tan GT, Pezzuto JM, Kinghorn AD and Hughes SH. Evaluyion of natural products as inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase. Journal of Natural Products, 1991; 54: 143-154.
. Chen HM, Muramoto K, Yamavchi FS and Nokihara K. Antioxidant activity design peptides based on antioxidative peptides based on antioxidative peptide isolated from digest of a soybean protein. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2000; 44: 2619-2623.
. Nagappa AN, Thakurdesai PA, Venkat Rao N and Singh J. Antidiabetic activity of Terminalia catappa Linn fruits. Journal of Ethnopharmarcology, 2003; 88: 45-50.
. Ratnasooriya WD and Dharmasiri MG. Effects of Terminalia catappa seeds on sexual behavior and fertility of male rats. Asian journal of Andrologey, 2000; 2: 213-266.
. Sakat S, Juvekar AR and Gambhire MN. In vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of methonal extract of Oxalis corniculate Linn. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2010; 2: 146-155.
. Azeem AK, Dilip C, Prasanth SS, Junise V and Hananshahima S. Anti-inflammatory activity of the glandular extracts of Thunnus alalunga. Asian Pacific Journal for Medicine, 2010; 3: 412-20.
. Mizushima Y and Kobayashi M. Interaction of anti-inflammatory drugs with serum proteins, especially with some biologically active proteins. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 1968; 20: 169-73.
. Oyedepo OO and Femurewas AJ. Anti-protease and membrane stabilizing activities of extracts of Fagra santhoxiloides, Olax subscorpioides and Tetrapluera tetraptera. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1995; 33: 65-69.
. Brand WW, Cuvelier HE and Berset C. Use of a free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 1995; 82: 25-30.
. Yagi K. Lipid peroxides and human disease. Chemistry and Physics of Lipids, 1978; 45: 337-357.
. Tripathi S. Essential of medical pharmacology, 7th Edition. New Delhi, Jaypee brother’s medicinal publishers Private Ltd, 2008; 227-265.
. Sangita C, Priyanka C, Protapaditya D and Sanjib B. Evaluation of in vitro anti- inflammatory activity of coffee against the denaturation of protein. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 2012; 23: 178-180.
. Sessa G and Weisman G. Effect of components of the polyene antibiotic. Fillipin on phospholipids spherules (liposome) and erythrocytes. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 1968; 243: 4364-4371.
. Litman GW, Litman RT, Henry CJ. Analysis of lipophilic carcinogen membrane interaction using human erythrocyte membrane system model. Cancer Research, 1976; 243: 4364-4371.
. Seeman P. The membrane actions of anesthetics and tranquilizers. Pharmacology Reviews, 1972; 4: 583-655.
. Gandhidasan R, Thamaraichelva A and Baburaj S. Anti-inflammatory action of Lanneacoro mandelica by HRBC membrane stabilization. Fitoterpia, 1999; 12: 81-83.
. Shenoy S, Shewetha K, Prabhu K, Maradi R, Bairy KL and Shanbhag T. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of Tephrosia purpurea in rats. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 2010; 3:
-42.
. Rajendranvadivu S and Lakshmi KS. In vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of leaves of Symplocos cochinchinensis (Lour). Bangaladesh Journal of Pharmacology, 2008; 3: 121-124.
. Umapathy E, Ndebia EJ, Meeme A, Adam B, Menziwa P and Nkchchungag BN, An experimental evaluation of Albuca settosa aqueous extract on membrane stabilization, protein denaturation and white blood cell migration during acute inflammation. Journal of Medicinal Plant Research, 2010; 4: 789-795.
. Govindappa M, Bharath N, Shruthi B and Santoyo G. In vitro antioxidant and phytochemical screening of endophytic extracts of Crotalaria pallid. Free radicals and Antioxidants, 2011; 1: 79-86.
. Kumpulainen JT and Salonen JT. Natural antioxidants and anti-carcinogens in Nutrition, Health and Disease, The royal society of chemistry, UK, 1999; 178-187.
. Cook NC and Samman S. Flavonoids chemistry, metabolism, cardio protective effects and dietary sources, Nutritional Biochemistry, 1996; 7: 66-76.
. Ogunlana OE, Ogunlana O and Farombi OE. Assessment of the scavenging activity of crude methanolic stem bark extract of Newbouldia laevis on selected free radicals. Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences, 2008; 2: 249-254.
. Diolock AT. Will the ‘good fairies’ please prove to us that vitamin E lessens human degenerative disease? Free radical research, 1997; 27: 511-532.
. Saito M, Sakagami H and Fujisawa S. Cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction by butylatedhydroxytoluene (BHT), Anticancer Research, 2003; 23: 4693-4701.
. Stefanidou M, Alevisopouls G, Chatziioannou A and Koutselinis A. Assessing food additive toxicity using a cell model. Veterinary and Human Toxicology, 2003; 45: 103-105.
. Chen HM, Muramoto K, Yamavchi FS and Nokihara K. Antioxidant activity of design peptides based on antioxidative peptide isolated form digest of a soybean protein. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 1996; 44: 2619-2623.
. Yamaguchi T, Takamura H, Matoba T and Terao J. HPLC method for evaluation of the free radical scavenging activity of foods by using 2,2-diphenyl-1,1-picryl hydrazyl. Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biochemistry, 2002; 62: 1201-1204.
. Nakayama T, Yamada MT and Kawakishi S. Suppression of active oxygen induced cytotoxicity by flavonoids, Biochemical Pharmacology, 1998; 45: 265-267.
. Giugliano D, Ceriello A and Paolisso G. Oxidative stress and diabetic vascular complications. Diabetes Care, 1996; 19: 257-267.
