Synthesis, Characterization and Evaluation of Antibacterial Efficacy, Antioxidant Potential of Silver nanoparticle using Myrica nagi leaf extract
Keywords:
Silver Nanoparticles, Myrica nagi, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Anti-MicrobialAbstract
In the present work, we report an environment friendly biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using ethanolic extract of Myrica nagi leaves. This endangered tree with wide medicinal applications has rich amount of anti-oxidants along with other classes of chemicals. Various therapeutic compounds such as myricanol, myricanone, myricetrin, sitosterol, taraxerol are isolated from the various parts of the plant. In this process, reduction of Silver ions to silver nanoparticles was achieved by a bioactive compound from Myrica Nagi plant. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using UV-visible spectrophotometer, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and FTIR. The formation, stability and particle size of Ag nanoparticles was characterized using UV-Vis spectrophotometer and Dynamic Light Scattering. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) micrograph shows a uniform distribution of the particles with an average size of 50-60nm. FTIR analysis confirms the presence of hydroxyl, carboxyl and phenolic functional groups. Further, the antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles shows that these nanoparticles can be used as effective growth inhibitors against E. coli, S.aureus and S. pyogenes with zone of inhibition of 1.2, 1.3 and 0.8 cm respectively. The synthesized silver nanoparticle have a potential application in targeted drug delivery, wound healing and other medical applications. The antioxidant activity of AgNPs imparted by plant components was evaluated using DPPH assay and found to be comparable to standard ascorbic acid.
References
Kumar B, Kumari S, Luis C. 2014, Sonochemical synthesis of silver nanoparticles using starch: A comparison, Bioinorganic Chemistry and applications, 268-276.
Xu Q, Gates B D, Whitesides G M. 2004 “Fabrication of metal structures with nanometer-scale lateral dimensions by sectioning using a microtome,” Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol. 126, no. 5, pp. 1332–1333,.
Guo L J, Cheng X, Chou C F. 2004 “Fabrication of size-controllable nanofluidic channels by Nano-imprinting and its application for DNA stretching,” Nano Letters, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 69–73.
Salam H A Rajiv P, Kamaraj M. 2012. Plants: green route of nanoparticles synthesis ,International Research Journal of biological sciences. Vol.1 (5), 85-90.
Mohanpuria P, Rana N K, Yadav SK. 2008. Biosynthesis of nanoparticles: Technology, concept and future applications. J of Nanoparticles res., vol. 10, 507-517.
Berger TJ, Spadaro JA, Chapin SE, Becker RO. 1996. Electrically generated Ag ions: quantitative effects on bacterial and mammalian cells.Antimicrob Agents Ch.9, 357-358.
Feng QL, Chen JWuGQ, Cui FZ, Kim TN, Kim JO. 2000. A mechanistic study of the antibacterial effect of silver ions Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.J. Biomed.Mater.Res.52:662-668.
Chook S W, Chia C H, Zakaria S. 2012, Antibacterial performance of Ag nanoparticles and Ag-GO nanocomposites prepared via rapid microwave assisted synthesis
method,Nanoscale research letters 7, 541-548.
Kaviya S, Santhanalakshmi J, Viswanathan B. 2011. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using polyalthialongifolia leaf extract along with D-sorbitol, Journal of Nanotechnology, 1-5.
Geoprincy G, Vidyasrri BN, Poonguzhali U, Nagendra N. 2013, A review on green synthesis of silver nanoparticles ,Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and clinical research,vol.6.8-12.
Shah A H, Manikandan E, Basheer Ahmed, M, Ganesan V. 2013. Enhanced Bioactivity of Ag/ZnO Nanorods-A Comparative Antibacterial Study, J. Nanomedicine and Nanotechnology, 4-3.
Vaidyanathan R, Kalishwaralal K, Gopalram S, Gurunathan S. 2009 Nanosilver—the burgeoning therapeutic molecule and its green synthesis. Biotechnol Adv 27: 924-937.
Leela A and Vivekanandan M. 2008. Tapping the unexploited plant resources. African Journal of Biotechnology, Vol. 7 (17), pp 3162-3165.
Shankar SS, Rai A, Ahmad A and Sastry M. 2004, “Rapid synthesis of Au, Ag, and bimetallic Au core-Ag shell nanoparticles using Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf broth,” J. Colloid Interface Sci., 275, pp. 496–502
Gardea-Torresdey J L, Gomez E, Peralta-Videa J, Parsons J G, Troiani H E and Santiago P, 2002. “Formation and growth of Au nanoparticles inside live alfalfa plants,” Nano Lett., 2, pp. 397–401.
Chandran SP, Chaudhary M, Pasricha R, Ahmad A, and Sastry M, 2006, “Synthesis of gold nanotriangles and silver nanoparticles using Aloe vera plant extract,” Biotechnol. Prog., 22, pp.577–583.
Amkamwar B, Damle C, Ahmad A, and Sastry M. 2005, “Biosynthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles using Emblica officinalis fruit extract, their phase transfer and transmetallation in an organic solution,” J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol., 5, pp.1665-1671.
Krishnaraj C, Jagan EG, Rajasekar S, Selvakumar P, Kalaichelvan PT, Mohan N. 2010. Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Acalypha indica leaf extracts and its antimicrobial activity against water borne pathogens. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 76:50-56.
Veerasamy R, Xin TZ, Gunasagaran S, Xiang TF, Yang EF, Jeyakumar N, Dhanaraj SA 2011. Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Mangosteen leaf extract and evaluation of their antimicrobial activities. J Saudi Chemical Society 15:113–120.
Awwad AM, Salem NM, Abdeen AO. 2013. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Carob leaf extract and its antibacterial activity. International Journal of Industrial Chemistry. 4: 29. Pp: 1-6.
Vamaka M, Paulkumar K, Bahuraja M, Rajeshkumar S, Gnanajobitha G, Malarkodi C, Sivakavinesan M, Annadurai G. 2014. Degradation of Methylene Blue using biologically Synthesized silver nanoparticles. Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications. Volume 2014 (2014), Article ID 742346.
Meena AK, Bansal P, Kumar S. 2009, Plants-herbal wealth as a potential source of ayurvedic drugs. Asian Journal of Traditional Medicines, 4(4).
Patel KG, Rao NJ, Gajera VG, Bhatt PA, Patel KV, Gandhi TR. 2010. Antiallergic activity of stem bark of Myrica esculenta Buch. Ham. (Myricaceae). J Young Pharm; 2 (1): 74-78.
Yanthan M, Mishra AK. 2013. Amplicon restriction patterns associcated with nitrogenase activity of root nodules for selection of superior Myrica seedlings. J. Biosci, 38(4), 789-795.
Handa SS, Khanuja SPS, Longo G, Rakesh DD. 2008. Extraction Technologies for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. Publishers: International Centre for Science and High Technology. Italy. Chapter 3. pp: 64-82.
Shan B, Cai Yi-Zhong, Brooks JD, Corke H. The in vitro antibacterial activity of dietary spice and medicinal herb extracts. International Journal of Food Microbiology. 2007, 117: 112-119.
Saklani S, Chandra S, Mishra AP, Badoni PP. Nutritional evaluation, antimicrobial activity and phytochemical screening of wild edible fruit of Myrica nagi pulp. 2012. Interantional Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. Vol. 4, Suppl 3: 407-411
Barku VYA, Y Opoku-Boahen, E. Owusu-Ansah, EF Mensah. 2013. Antioxidant activity and the estimation of total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the root extract of Amaranthus spinosus. Asian Journal of Plant Science and Research. 3(1): 69-74.
Ruch RJ, Cheng SJ, Klaunig JE. Prevention of cytotoxicity and inhibition of intracellular communication by antioxidant catechins isolated from Chinese green tea. Carcinogenesis 1989; 10, 1003.
Panthari P, Kharkwal H, Joshi DD, Kharkwal H. 2013. Investigations on Myrica nagi Leaves: Phytochemical Screening and Physicochemical Evaluation. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vol. 2 (5): 2867-2873.
Panthari P, Kharkwal H, Kharkwal H, Joshi DD. 2012. Myrica nagi: A Review on Active Constituents, Biological and Therapeutic Effects. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. Vol. 4, Suppl 5, 38-42.
Kharkwal H, Kharkwal A, Panthari P, Kharkwal H. 2014. Anti-termite Activity of Heartwood of Dalbergia Sisso Roxb. Ex. Dc. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. Vol. 3, Issue 6, 673-679.
Pant MK, Panthari P, Kharkwal A, Kharkwal H, Kharkwal H. Curcumin: A Wonder Therapeutic Drug. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. Vol. 3, Issue 6, 374-396.
Panthari P, Kharkwal H. Formulation and In-vitro evaluation of sun protection factor of Myrica nagi ethyl acetate extract sunscreen cream. 2013. International Journal of Advances in Pharmaceutical Research, Vol 4, Issue 10. 2401-2406.
