Phytochemical Screening and Acute Toxicity Study of Cucumis metuliferus E. Mey. Ex. Naudin Fruit Extract in Cockerels
Keywords:
Phytochemical screening, Cucumis metuliferus, acute toxicity, LD50, cockerelsAbstract
The ripe fruits of Cucumis metuliferus were collected at Vom, Jos South Local Government Area of Plateau State, cleaned, sliced, air-dried, pulverised and cold extracted with solvents of different polarities (n-hexane, chloroform, methanol and distilled water). The ground powder and the extracts obtained were phytochemically screened for their chemical composition. These revealed the presence of saponins, alkaloids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, tannins, cardiac glycosides, steroids and terpenoids. The median lethal dose (LD50) of the methanol extract was determined in chicken by oral (p.o) and intra-peritoneal (i.p) routes. An LD50 above 5000 mg/kg body weight was established for both routes, indicating that probably the fruit of C. metuliferus is not toxic.
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Anim. Hlth. Prod. Afr. 49:236-243.
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JC, and Akinniyi JA. (2008).
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elemental constituents of the fruit of
Solanum macrocarpum Linn.
Continental J. Appl. Sci. 3:85-94.
. Madziga HA, Sanni S, and Sandabe
UK. (2010). Phytochemical and
elemental analysis of Acalypha
wilkesiana leaf. J. Amer. Sci.
(11):510-514.
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Gotep JG, Oladipo OO, Makoshi
MS, Makama S, and Shamaki D.
(2012). Antidiarrheal evaluation of
aqueous and ethanolic leaf
extracts of Acacia sieberiana DC.
(Fabaceae) in albino rats.Asian J.
Exp. Biol. Sci. 3(4): 799-803.
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SC, Shibahara N and Park JC. (2003).
Study on the inhibitory effects of
Korean medicinal plants and their main
compounds on the 1,1-diphenyl-2-
picrlhydrazyl radical. Phytomed.
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Dapar LMP, Gyang SS, and Aguiyi
JC. (2007). Effects of Cucumis
metuliferus (Cucurbitaceae) fruits on
enzymes and haematological
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C. (1990). Biology and Utilization of
Curcubitaceae. Cornell Pub. p.13.
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C. (2009). The effect of Cucumis
metuliferus E. Meye (Cucurbitaceae)
on rat gastric functions and mucosal
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Med. 12:37-39.
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Wannang NN (2011). Anti-ulcer
properties of alkaloids isolated from
the fruit pulp of Cucumis metuliferus
(Cucurbitaceae). Int. J. Pharmaceut.
Sci. Res. 2(10):2586-2588.
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extracted from fruit pulp of Cucumis
metuliferus E. Meyer has
antihyperglycemic effect in rats with
alloxan-induced diabetes. J. Nat.
Pharm. 2:48-51.
. Wannang NN, Kwanashie HO, Ede
SO. (2010). Antiviral activity of the fruit
extract of Cucumis metuliferus E.
Meye (Curcubitaceae) in chicks.
Afr. J. Basic Appl. Sci. 2(2-4):89-93.
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Medicinal plants. MacDonald and Co.
Ltd. London, vol. 356, pp 10541-
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Omale S, Falang KD, and Adolong
A.A. (2011). Histopathologic effects of
C. metuliferus E. Mey.
(Cucurbitaceae) fruits in albino rats.
Int. J. Pharmaceut.Sci. Res.
(8):2190- 2194.
. Wannang NN, Jiman NS, Gyang SS,
Bukar BB, and Gotom S. (2008).
Effects of Cucumis metuliferus E.
Mey. ex. Naud. (Cucurbitaceae) fruit
extract on some male reproductive
parameters in adult rats. Afr. J. Phar.
Pharmacol. 2(3):048- 051.
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and Traditional Medicine in Africa. 3rd
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Elsevier Ltd. China. p.178.
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practical acute toxicity testing. Arch.
Toxicol. 54: 275-287.
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(1962). The Medicinal and Poisonous
Plants of South Africa, 2nd ed. E and S
Livingstone Ltd. Edingburgh, U.K. p.
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Constituents of Higher Plants. Burgress
Pub. U.S.A. 1st ed. p. 20.
. Frantisek SS. (1991). The Natural
Guide to Medicinal Herbs and Plants
