Effect of different storage conditions on guggulsterone content in oleo-gum resin of Commiphora wightii
Keywords:
Commiphora wightii, Storage, Guggulsterone, Borosilicate glass, PolypropyleneAbstract
Effects of light, temperature, packaging and duration of storage was investigated on the active constituents of Commiphora wightii oleo-gum resin. The freshly collected oleo-gum resins were packed in borosilicate Glass (GL), polypropylene (PP) and polystyrene (PS) vials, and were stored at 10ºC, 20 ºC, 30 ºC and 40ºC respectively for eight months in dark and at 20ºC, and 30ºC in light. Total guggulsterone (GS), guggulsterone-E (GSE) and guggulsterone-Z (GSZ) content was estimated in the oleo-gum resin every month for eight months with the help of HPLC. Study showed that GS, and GSZ are very sensitive to high temperature (>40 ºC) and light and deteriorate very quickly. While, GSE content showed an increase at this temperature. Among the studied vials, air tight dark colored GL vials were observed to retain total GS and GSZ content for longer period. Since, total GS / GSZ are mainly responsible for medicinal properties of ‘Guggul’ oleo-gum resin; therefore, for better efficacy of the drug, it should be kept at low temperature (10 ºC) in dark air tight Glass containers. At this condition, the oleo-gum resin shows only 16.04% loss in total GS and 9.23% loss in GSZ content after six months of storage. The study has demonstrated proper commercial storage conditions of the drug for longer use without losing its efficacy.
References
Anonymous. The Wealth of India – A dictionary of Indian Raw Materials and Industrial products, vol. II, (First supplement series), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi.; 2004.p.162-163.
Ashram B. Essential oil from the resin of Commiphora mukul Hook. ex Stock., J Indian Chem Soc. 1950; 27: 436-440.
Bajaj AG, Dev S. Chemistry of Ayurvedic crude drugs, V. Guggulu (resin from Commiphora mukul), 5: some new steroidal components and stereochemistry of guggulsterol-1 at C-20 and C-22, Tetrahedron. 1982; 38(19): 2949-2954.
Baldwa VS, Bhasin V, Ranka PC, Mathur KM. Effect of Commiphora mukul (Guggul) in experimentally induced hyperlipedemia and atherosclerosis, J Ass Physicians of India. 1981; 29: 13-17.
Bose S, Gupta KC. Structure of Commiphora mukul gum, part 1, Nature of the sugar present and the structure of the aldobiouronic acid, Indian J Chem. 1964a; 2: 57-58.
Bose S, Gupta KC. Structure of Commiphora mukul gum, part 2, Structure of the degraded gum, Indian J Chem. 1964b; 2:156-158.
Bose S, Gupta KC. Structure of Commiphora mukul gum, part 3, Methylation and periodate oxidation studies, Indian J Chem. 1966; 4: 87.
Cai SY, Boyer JL. FXR: A target for cholestatic syndromes, Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets. 2006; 10: 409-421.
Chander R, Rizvi F, Khanna AK, Prated R. Cardio protective activity of synthetic guggulsterone (E and Z isomers) in isoproterenol induced myocardial ischemia in rats: a comparative study, Indian J Clinical Biochem. 2003; 18(2): 71-79.
Cheon JH, Kim JS, Kim JM, Kim N, Jung HC, Sing IS. Plant sterol guggulsterone inhibits nuclear factor kappa B signaling in intestinal epithelial cells by blocking I kappa B kinase and ameliorates acute murine colitis, Inflam Bowel Disease, 2006;12: 1152-1161.
Dixit VP, Joshi S, Sinha R, Bhargava SK, Varma M. Hypolipidemic activity of guggul resin (Commiphora mukul) and garlic (Allium sativum ) in doGS (Canis familiaris) and monkeys (Presbytis entellus entellus), Biochem Exp Biol.1980; 16: 421-424.
Dev S. A modern look at an age old Ayurvedic drug Guggul, Science Age. 1987; 5: 13-14.
Dutt AT, Ghosh S, Chopra RN. The chemical investigation of the gum resin of Balsamodendron mukul, Indian J Med Res. 1942; 30(2): 331-334.
Ichikawa H, Aggarwal BB. Guggulsterone inhibits osteo clstogenesis induced by receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B legend and by tumor cells by suppressing nuclear factor-kappa B activation, Clinical Cancer Res. 2006; 12: 662-668.
Khanna DS, Agarwal OP, Gupta SK, Arora RB. A biochemical approach to anti-atherosclerotic action of Commiphora mukul, an Indian indigenous drug in Indian domestic pigs (Sus scrofa), Indian J. Med. Res. 1969; 57: 900-906.
Kumar S, Singh J, Shah NC, Ranjan V. Indian medicinal and aromatic plants facing genetic erosion, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India.; 1997. p. 78-81.
Marte BM, Downward JP. KB/AKT: connecting phosphoinositide 3-kinase to cell survival and beyond, Trend Biochem Sci.1997; 22: 355-358.
Mishra SA. Bhaishjaya, Surbharti Prakashan, Varanasi, India.; 1996. p. 193.
Nadkarni AK. The Indian Materia Medica, Popular Book Depot, Bombay, India.; 1954. p. 167-70.
Nityanand S, Kapoor NK. Effect of guggul steroids on cholesterol biosynthesis in rats, Indian J Biochem Biophy. 1978; 15: 77.
Orten JM, Neuhaus OW. Human biochemistry, CV Mosby Company, St Louis, MO.; 1982. p. 85.
Panda S, Kar A. Guggulu (Commiphora mukul) potentially ameliorates hypothyroidism in female mice, Phytother Res. 2005; 19: 78-80.
Patil VD, Nayak UR, Dev S. Chemistry of Ayurvedic crude drug I, Guggulu (resin from Commiphora mukul), 1. Steroidal constituents, Tetrahedron. 1972; 28(2): 2341-2352.
Patil VD, Nayak UR, Dev S. Chemistry of Ayurvedic crude drug II, Guggulu (resin from Commiphora mukul), 2. Diterpenoid constituents, Tetrahedron. 1973a; 29(2): 341-348.
Patil VD, Nayak UR, Dev S. Chemistry of Ayurvedic crude drug, III, Guggulu (resin from Commiphora mukul), 3. Long chain aliphatic tetrols, a new class of naturally occurring lipids, Tetrahedron. 1973b; 29(11): 1595-1598.
Satyavati GV, Dwarakanat C, Tripathi SN. Experimental studies on the hypocholesteromic effect of Commiphora mukul (Guggul), Indian J Med Res. 1969; 57: 1950-1962.
Satyavati GV. Gum Guggul (Commiphora mukul): The success story of an ancient insight leading to modern discovery, Indian J Med Res. 1988; 87: 327-35.
Satyavati GV. Guggulipid: A promising hypolipidemic agent from gum guggul (Commiphora wightii). Econ Med Plant Res. 1991; 5: 48-82.
Shishodia S, Aggarwal BB. Guggulsterone inhibits NF-Kappa B and I kappa B alpha kinase activation, suppresses expression of anti-apoptotic gene products and enhances apoptosis, J Biol Chem. 2004; 279: 47148-47158.
Shishodia S, Sethi G, Ahn KS, Aggarwal BB. Guggulstrone inhibits tumor cell proliferation, inducs S-phase arrest and promotes apoptosis through activation of c-junc terminal kinase suppression of AKT pathway and down regulation of anti apoptotic gene products, Biochem Pharmacology. 2007; 74: 118-130.
Wang X, Greilberger J, Ledinski G, Kager G, Paigen B, Urgens G. The hypolipidemic natural product Commiphora mukul and its component guggulsterone inhibit oxidative modification of LDL, Arteriosclerosis. 2004; 172(2): 239.
Wu J, Xia C, Meier J, Li S, Hu X and Lala DS. The hypolipidemic natural product guggulsterone acts as an antagonist of the bile acid receptor, Molecular Endocrinology. 2002; 16: 1590-1597.
