Phytochemical and clinical studies of the bioactive extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. Family Leguminosae
Keywords:
Glycyrrhiza glabra, anti-inflammatory activity, bioactive constituents, clinical trial, gingivitis, plaque indexAbstract
The aim of this study was the isolation, identification of the bioactive ingredients of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. Family Leguminosae, as well as the evaluation of their efficacy and ability to control plaque induced gingivitis in a preliminary clinical study. The dried powdered roots and rhizomes of G. glabra was subjected to successive extraction using organic solvents of increasing polarity. The total polar extract of the roots and rhizomes of G. glabra showed significant inhibition of carrageenan induced swelling of the hind rat paw (P>0.5).Seven phenolic compounds namely liquiriteginin, liquiritin apioside, neoliquiritin apioside, isoliquiritin, isoliquritin apioside, licuraside2-(5-P-coumaryl apiosyl) and isoliquiritin were isolated from the total polar extract utilizing different chromatographic techniques (PC, TLC, CC, HPLC and LC/MS) and identified using spectral analysis (1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, 2D-NMR and ESI-MS).The effectiveness of the isolated bioactive fractions of G. glabra mouth rinse in the reduction of plaque and gingivitis was studied clinically, after the approval of its safety, and the results were significant
References
. Fine DH, Furgang D, Sinatra K,
Charles C, McGuire A, kumar LD. In
vivo antimicrobial effectiveness of
an essential oil contraining mouth
rinse 12hours after a single use and
days use.JClin
Periodontol.2005;32:335-40
. Blumenthal M, Goldberg A,
Brinckmann J. Herbal Medicine:
Expanded Commission E
Monographs. American Botanical
Council, Newton. 2000; 233–236.
. Ody P. The Complete Guide
Medicinal Herbal. The Royal
Horticultural Society. Dorling
Kindersley Limited Great
Britain.2000; 75.
. Nomura T, Fukai T, Akiyama T.
Chemistry of phenolic compounds of
licorice (Glycyrrhiza species) and
their estrogenic and cytotoxic
activities. Pure Appl Chem.
;74:1199–1206.
. Obolentseva GV, Litvinenko VI,
Ammosov AS, Popova TP,Sampiev
AM. Pharmacological and
therapeutic properties of licorice
preparations (a review).
Pharm.Chem. J. 1999;33:24-31.
. Murav'ev IA, Semenchenko VF.
Structure of triterpene saponins from
the roots of Glycyrrhiza echinata.
Chemistry of Natural Compounds.
; 5:13-14.
. Obukowicz MG, Welsch DJ,
Salsgiver WJ, Martin-Berger CL,
Chinn KS , Duffin KI, Raz A, Needle
man P. Novel selective 6 or 5 fatty
acid desaturase inhibitors as antiinflammatory agents in mice. J.
Pharmacol Exp. Ther. 1998;
:157-66.
. [8].Meng L, Mohan R, Kwok BH,
Elofsson M, Sin N ,Crews CM.
Epoxomicin, a potent and selective
proteasome inhibitor,exhibits in vivo
anti-inflammatory activity.
Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA.
;96:10403-8.
. Winter CA, Risley EA, Nuss GW.
Carrageenan induced edema in hind
paw of the rat as an assay for antiinflammatory drugs. Proc. Soc. Exp.
Biol. Med. 1962;111:544-547.
. Armitage P. Statistical methods in
medical assays. 1st. Edn., Black-well
Scientific Publications, London.
; 147.
. Loe H, Silness J. Periodontal
disease in pregnancy. I. Prevalence
and severity. Acta Odontol Scand.
; 21:533-51.
. British Pharmaceutical Codex.1973.
. .Fu B, Li H, Wang X, Lee FS, Cui S.
Isolation and identification of
flavonoids in licorice and a study of
their inhibitory effects on tyrosinase.
J Agric Food Chem.2005; 53:7408-
. Hatano T, Takagi M, Ito H, Yoshida
T. Acylated flavonoid glycosides and
accompanying phenolics from
licorice. Phytochemistry .1998;
:287-293.
. [15].Kase Y, Saitoh K, Ishige A,
Komatsu Y. Mechanisms by which
hange-shashin to reduce
prostaglandin E2 levels. Biol Pharm
Bull.1998; 21: 1277–81.
. Kassir ZA. Endoscopic controlled
trial of four drug regimens in the
treatment of chronic duodenal
ulceration. Ir Med J.1985; 78:153–6.
. Aly AM, Al-Alousi L, Salem HA.
Licorice: a possible antiinflammatory and anti-ulcer drug.
AAPS PharmSciTech.2005; 6:E74–
. Furuhashi I, Iwata S, Shibata S,
Sato T, Inoue H. Inhibition by
licochalcone A, a novel flavonoid
isolated from liquorice root of IL-1β-
induced PGE2 production in human
skin fibroblasts. J Pharm
Pharmacol.2005; 57:1661–6.
. Kang JS, Yoon YD, Cho IJ, Han
MH, Lee CW, Park SK, Kim HM.
Glabridin an isoflavan from licorice
root, inhibits inducible nitric-oxide
synthase expression and improves
survival of mice in experimental
model of septic shock. J Pharmacol
Exp Ther.2005; 312:1187–94.
