Ethonomedicinal, Antibacterial and Antifungal Potentiality of Centella asiatica, Nerium indicum and Cuscuta reflexa - Widely Used In Tiwa Tribe of Morigaon district of Assam, India.
Keywords:
Antibacterial, Antifungal, E.coli, Staphyllococcus aureus, Aspergillus niger, MTCCAbstract
In Assam, Approximately 17 different types of Tribes are residing from immemorial times. They have lots of knowledge to remedy disease by using various medicinal plants. The aim of our study is to extract out the knowledge of those plants having the medicinal values and examine the laboratory based antibacterial and antifungal property. The selection of these three plants was based on highly uses by the Tiwa Tribes in gastrointestinal troubles and skin diseases. Aquous and 50% ethanolic extract was prepared from the plants and screened against enteropathogenic bacteria E.coli (MTCC723), Bacillus subtilis (MTCC10619) and Staphyllococcus aureus (MTCC96). Antifungal activity were tested against Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans. Centella asiatica and Nerium indicum showed good results against E.coli and Bacillus subtilis and Cuscuta reflexa showed higher activity against S. aureus. In case of antifungal activity, Centella asiatica results were found fruitful in comparison to the others.
References
. Rang HP, Dale MM, Ritter JM, Moore
PK. 2003. Pharmacology, 5th ed.
Churchill, Livingstones. Edinburgh,
p. 797.
. Clardy J, Fischbach MA, Walsh CT.
New antibiotics from bacterial
natural products. Nature
Biotechnology 2006;24, 1541–1550.
. Cowan MM. Plant products as
antimicrobial agents. Clinical
Microbiology Reviews,1999;12,
–582.
. Zubaır Md, Rızwan K, Rasool N,
Afshan N, Shahid M, Ahmed VU.
Antimicrobial potential of various
extract and fractions of leaves of
Solanum nigrum. International
Journal of Phytomedicine 2011;3:
-67.
. Kalyani L, Lakshmana Rao A, Mishra
US. Antibacterial and analgesic
activity of leaves of Lantana camara.
International Journal of
Phytomedicine, 2011;3: 381-385
. Mothana RA, Lindequist U.
Antimicrobial activity of some
medicinal plants of the island
Soqotra. J. Ehnopharmacol
;96,177-81.
. Tally FP, DeBruin MF. Journal of
Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
;46, 523-526.
. Newman DJ, Cragg GM. Natural
products as source of new drugs
over the last 25 years. Journal of
Natural products 2007;70: 461-477.
. Gibbons S. Plants as a sources of
bacterial resistance modulators and
antiinfective agents. Phytochemistry
Reviews,2005;4, 63-78.
. Pauli GF, Case RJ, Inui T, Wang Y,
Cho S, Fischer NH, Franzblau SG.
New perspectives on natural
products in TB drug research. Life
Sciences. 2005;78, 485- 494.
. Valgas C, de Souza SM, Smânia
EFA, Smânia Jr, A. Screening
methods to determine antibacterial
activity of natural products. Braz. J.
Microbiol. 2007;38, 369–380.
. Tripoli E, La Guardia M, Giammanco
S, Di Majo D, Giammanco M. Citrus
flavonoids: molecular structure,
biological activity and nutritional
properties: a review. Food Chem.
;104, 466–479.
. Conner DE. Naturally occurring
compounds. In P. M. Davidson, &
A. L. Branen (Eds.), Antimicrobials
in foods (pp. 441–468). New York:
Marcel Dekker 1993.
. Robert AP, Lorraine F, Walter M,
Ronald MR. Laboratory exercises in
Microbiology (3rd ed.). U.S: John
Wiley & Sons,Inc.2009
. Ahmed N, Uzir B, Ayaz S, Ahmed
VU. Antibacterial activity of marine
bacteria from Arabian Sea of
Pakistan. J. Microbiol.2008; 4(2): 1
– 11.
. Wang H, Cheng H, Wang F, Wei D,
Wang X. An improved 3-(4,5-
dimethylthiazol 2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl
tetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction
assay for evaluating the viability of
Escherichia coli cells. J. of Microbiol.
Methods, 2010;82: 330 –333.
. Burt S. Essential oils: their
antibacterial properties and
potential applications in foods—a
review. Int. J. Food Microbiol.2004;
, 223–253.
. ESCMID. Determination of minimum
inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of
antibacterial agents by agar dilution.
European Committee for
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing
(EUCAST) of the European Society
of Clinical Microbiology and
Infectious Diseases (ESCMID).
EUCAST DEFINITIVE DOCUMENT
E. Def Copyright by the European
Society of Clinical Microbiology and
Infectious Diseases.June 2000.
. Natarajan P, Katta S, Andrei I, Babu
Rao Ambati V, Leonida M, Hass GJ.
Positive antibacterial co-action
between hop (Humulus lupulus)
constituents and selected
antibiotics. Phytomedicine 2008;15,
–201.
. Sudjana AN, D'Orazio C, Ryan V,
Rasool N, Ng J, Islam N, Riley TV,
Hammer KA. Antimicrobial activity
of commercial Olea europaea (olive)
leaf extract. Int. J. Antimicrob.
Agents2009;33, 461–463.
. Stratford M, Eklund T. Organic acids
and esters. In: Russell, NJ. Gould,
GW. (Eds.), Food Preservatives.
Kluwer Academic/Plenum
Publishers, London,2003; pp. 48–
. Davidson PM. Chemical
preservatives and natural
antimicrobial compounds, In: Doyle,
M.P., Beuchat, L.R., Montville, T.J.
(Eds.), Food Microbiology:
Fundamental and Frontiers, 2nd ed.
ASM Press, Washington DC,
;pp. 593–627.
. Ikigai H, Nakae T, Hara Y,
Shimamura T. Bactericidal catechins
damage the lipid bilayer.
Biochemistry Biophysics Acta
;1147, 132–136.
. Otake S, Makimura M, Kuroki T,
Nishihara Y, Hirasawa M. Anticaries
effects of polyphenolic compounds
from Japanese green tea. Caries
Research 1991;25, 438–443.
. Akagawa M, Shigemitsu T, Suyama,
K. Production of hydrogen peroxide
by polyphenols and polyphenol-rich
beverages under quasi-physiological
conditions. Bioscience,
Biotechnology and Biochemistry
;67:2632–2640.
. Ceylan E, Kang DE, Fung DYC.
Reduction of E. coli O 157:H7 in
ground meat by selected spices.
Annual Meeting of Institute of Food
Technologist, Atlanta, June 1998;
–24.
. Sallam KI, Ishioroshi M, Samejima
K. Antioxidant and antimicrobial
effects of garlic in chicken sausage.
LWT—Food Science and
Technology.2004;37, 849–855.
. Gulluce M, Sahin F, Sokmen M,
Ozer H, Daferera D, Sokmen A,
Polissiou M, Adiguzel A, Ozkan H.
Antimicrobial and antioxidant
properties of the essential oils and
methanol extract from Mentha
longifolia L. ssp. Longifolia. Food
Chemistry.2007; 103, 1449–1456.
. Tassou C, Drosinos EH, Nychas
GJE. Effects of essential oils from
mint (Mentha piperita) on
Salmonella Enteritidis and Listeria
monocytogenes in model food
systems at 4 °C and 10 °C. Journal
of Applied Bacteriology,1995;78,
–600.
. Nguyen P, Mittal GS. Inactivation of
naturally occurring microorganisms
in tomato juice using pulsed electric
field (PEF) with and without
antimicrobials. Chemical
Engineering and Processing. 2007;
, 360–365.
. Singh C, Singh KS, Nath G, Rai,
NP. Anti-mycobacterial activity of
Piper longum L. fruit extracts against
multi drug resistant Mycobacterium
Spp. International Journal of
Phytomedicine.2011;3: 353-361