Studies on Antibacterial Activity of Methanolic Plant Extracts

Abstract

The antimicrobial activity of methanolic extracts was screened against 3 gram positive and 3 gram negative bacteria using agar well diffusion method. 80 µl of test extract was suspended in the wells. A control well is loaded with equal amount of the solvent i.e. methanol. The plates were then incubated at 37ºC for 24-48 hours. After proper incubation the plates around the extract impregnated wells and this clear zone of growth inhibition was measured in terms of diameter (mm). The inhibition zone is the mean of the three replicates, excluding the well diameter. The (-) sign indicates no activity. Only the aqueous extracts of A. nilotica (leaf and stem) and L. inermis (leaves) were found inhibitory to some of the organisms tested i.e. Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiela pneumoniae and Salmonella typhimurium. Salmonella typhimurium was only inhibited by aqueous extracts of L. inermis (leaves) whereas the rest of the aqueous extracts were found to be inactive against all the test organisms. The maximum activity was shown by aqueous extracts of L. inermis (leaf) against Staphylococcus aureus that is 1.9 mm diameter of inhibition zone and the minimum was observed in the case of aqueous extracts of Pergularia daemia (stem) i.e. 0.6 mm diameter of inhibition zone against Bacillus subtilis . Salmonella epidermidis was found to most resistance to aqueous extracts of the plant followed by Salmonella typhimurium.