Antibacterial activity of methanolic and acetone extract of some medicinal plants used in indian folklore
Keywords:
Antibacterial activity, Medicinal Plants, infectious diseasesAbstract
Antibacterial study of methanolic and acetone extract in crude and treated (with 50 % lead acetate) form of medicinal plants Alstonia scholaris Linn. R.Br. (Stem bark, Apocynaceae), Achyranthus aspera Linn. (Whole plant, acantheceae), Moringa oleifera Lam. (Leaves, Morinaceae), Tinospora cordifolia (Stem, Menispermaceae), and Enicostema hyssopifolium (Willd) (Stem, Gentianaceae). Extractive values in methanol were found higher then the extractive value in acetone, for all plants. All extract of plants were tried at 40-mg/ml concentrations against eight strains of bacteria, by agarwell-difusion test. Acetone extract was found more active as compared to methanol extract. Phytochemical investigation revealed crude and treated extracts of all plants were containing more or less same type of chemical constituents (except protein and carbohydrate). Selected eight strains of bacteria were study for antibiotic susceptibility against standard antibiotics like Ampicillin (10µg), Tetracycline (25µg), Gentamicin (30µg), Co-Trimoxazole (25µg), Amikacin (10µg), by Octadisc. Treated extract of M. oleifera and A. scholaris were count as to new source of antimicrobial agent for the infectious diseases (Typhoid).
References
Sadqui M, Fushman D and Munoz V.
Atom–by–atom analysis of global downhill
protein folding. Nature. 2006;442:317–321.
Olalde Rangel JA. The systemic theory of
living systems and relevance to CAM. Part
I: the theory. Evid Based Complement
Alternat Med. 2005;2:13–18.
Cragg GM, Boyd MR, Khanna R, Kneller
R, Mays TD, Mazan KD, Newman DJ and
Sausville EA. International collaboration in
drug discovery and development: the NCI
experience. Pure Appl Chem.
;71:1619-1633.
Olila D, Olwa-Odyek and Opuda-Asibo J.
Antibacterial and antifungal activities of
extracts of Zanthoxylum chalybeum and
Warburgia ugandensis, Ugandan medicinal
plants, African Health Sciences.
;1(2):66-72.
Fauci A. New and reemerging diseases: The
importance of biomedical research.
Emerging Infectious Diseases.
(www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol4no3/fauci).
;4:3.
Robert A and Meunier B. Is Alkylation the
Main Mechanism of Action of the
Antimalarial Drug Artemisinin. Chem. Soc.
Rev. 1998;27:273-279.
Setti EL, Micetich RG. New Trends in
Antimicrobial Development. Current
Medicinal Chemistry. 1998;5:101-113.
WHO Geneva, Quality Control Method for
Medicinal Plant Materials, New Delhi.
;51:30.
Harbone JB. Phytochemical Methods – A
Guide to Modern Techniques of plant
analysis 2nd edition. (Chapman and Hall
London. New York) 1984.
Perez C, Paulin Mand and Bazerque P. An
antibiotic assay by the well agar method.
Acta. Biological Medicine Experitimentalis.
;15:113-115.
Ibrahim MB, Owonubi MO and Onaolapo
JA. Antimicrobial effectsof extracts of leaf,
stem, and root-bark of Anogiessus leicarpus
onStaphylococcus aureus NCTC 8190,
Escherichia coli NCTC 10418and Proteus
vulgaris NCTC 4636. J. Pharmaceutical
Res. Dev. 1997;2:20-26.
Okeke MI, Iroegbu CU, Eze EN, Okoli AS
and Esimone CO. Evaluation of extracts of
the root of Landolphia owerrience for
antibacterial activity. J. Ethnopharmacol.
;78:119-127.
Okoli AS, Okeke MI, Iroegbu CU and Ebo
PU. Antibacterial activityof Harungana
madagascariensis leaf extracts. Phytother.
Res. 2002;16:174-179.
Scalbert A. Antimicrobial properties of
tannins. Phytochemistry. 1991;30:3875-
Aboaba OO, Smith SI and Olude FO.
Antibacterial Effect of Edible Plant Extract
on Escherichia coli 0157:H7, Pakistan
Journal of Nutrition. 2006;5(4):325-327.
Aboaba OO and Efuwape BM.
Antibacterial properties of some Nigerian
spices. Bio. Res. Comm. 2001;13:183-188.
Hostettman K and Nakanishi K. Moronic
acid, a simple triterpenoid keto acid with
antimicrobial activity isolated from Ozoroa
Mucroanta. J. Med. Plant Res.
;31:358-366.
Leven M, VandenBerghe DA, Mertens F,
Vlictinck A and Lammens E. Screening of
higher plants for biological activities/-
antimicrobial activity. Plant. Med.
;36:311-321.
Damintoti Karou1, Aly Savadogo,
Antonella Canini, Saydou Yameogo, Carla
Montesano, Jacques Simpore, Vittorio
Colizzi and Alfred S. Traore. Antibacterial
activity of alkaloids from Sida acuta.
African Journal of Biotechnology.
;4(12):1452-1457.
Eloff JN. Which extractan should be used
for screening and isolation of antimicrobial
components from plants. J.
Ethanopharmacol. 1998;60:1-8.
Cowan MM. Plant product as antimicrobial
agents, Clin.Microbiol.Rev. 1999;12:564-
Nikaido H and Vaara M. “Molecular Basis
of Bacterial Outer Membrane
Permeability”, Microbiological Reviews.
;1:1-32.
Jigna P, Rathish N and Sumita C.
Priliminary screening of some folklore
medicinal plants from western India for
potential antimicrobial activity, Inian J.
Pharmacol. 2005;37(6):408-409.
Khan MR, Omoloso AD and Kihara M.
Antibacterial activity of Alstonia scholaris
and Leea tetramera, Fitoterpia. 2003;74(7-
:736-40.
Goyal MM and Varshney A. Effects of
natural products isolated from three species
of Alstonia on some gram-positive and
gram-negative bacteria. Indian Drugs
;32(2):69-72.
Clark WS. Antimicrobial activities of
phenolic constituents of Magnolia
grandiflora L J. Pharm. Sci. 1981;70:951-
Doughari JH, Pukuma MS and De N.
Antibacterial effects of Balanites aegyptiaca
L. Drel. and Moringa oleifera Lam. on
Salmonella typhi, African Journal of
Biotechnology. 2007;6(19):2212-2215.
Chin NT, Perry CM, Ly NT, Ha HD, Thong
M and Diep TS. Randomized controlled
comparison of azithromycin and ofloxacin
for treatment of multidrug resistant or
nalidixic acid resistant enteric fever.
Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
;44:1855-1859.
Benoit D, Renand L, Daniele M, Ame B,
David B, Michael RM, Elisabeth C and
Anel C. Variant Salmonella genomic island
antibitotic gene resistance cluster in
Salmonella enterica Albany. Emerg. Infect.
Dis. 2003;9(5):585-591.
Abdullah WB, Anowa H, Doli G, Amina
TS, Kamrun N, Korshed A, Neor A, Aliya
N, Balakrish N, Stephen L and Robert B.
Bacteremic typhoid fever in children in an
urban slum, Bangladesh. Emerg. Infect. Dis.
;11(2):326-329.
Ghosal S and Jaiswal DK. Chemical
constituents of gentianaceae
XXVIII:flavonoids of Enicostema
hyssopifolium (Willd.) Verd. J.Pharm Sci.
;69(1):53-56.
Singh SS, Pandey SC, Srivastava S, Gupta
VS, Patro B and Ghosh AC. Chemistry and
Medicinal Properties of Tinospora
cordifolia. Indian Journal of Pharmacology.
;35:83-91.
Rege NN, Nazareth HM, Bapat RD and
Dahanukar SA. Modulation of
immunosuppression in obstructive jaundice
by Tinospora cordifolia. Indian J Med Res.
;90:478-83.
Franklin TJ, Snow GA, Barrett-Bee KJ and
Nolan RD Biochemistry of antimicrobial
action. Fourth edition. Chapman and Hall
London New York. 1987;112:pp. 71-73.
Cohen ML. Epidemiology of drug
resistance: implications for a
postantimicrobial era. Science.
;257:1050-1055.
Anesini E and Perez C. Screening of plants
used in Argentine folk medicine for
antimicrobial activity. J. Ethnopharmacol.
;39:119-128.
TLG Monte FJQ, Matos FJA, Alencar JW,
Craveiro AA, Barbosa RCSB and Lima ED.
Chemical composition and antimicrobial
activity of essencial oils from Brazilian
plants. Fitoterapia. 1992;63:266-268.
Martinez MJ, Betancourt J, AlonsoGonzalez N and Jauregui A. Screening of
some Cuban medicinal plants for
antimicrobial activity. J. Ethnopharmacol.
;52:171-174.
Martinez MJ, Vasquez SM, Espinosa-Perez
C, Dias M and Herrera- Sanchez M.
Antimicrobial properties of argentatine A
isolated from Parthenium argentatum.
Fitoterapia. 1994;65:371-372.