International Journal of Phytomedicine

Biocompatibility assessment and antiproliferative activity of Detarium microcarpum Guill. and Perr. fruit pulp extracts.

Rouamba Ablassé — 2021-06-30

The consumption of tropical fruits rich in chemopreventive compounds are required to prevent cells carcinogenesis and proliferation. This study was designed to assess de biocompatibility of Detarium microcarpum fruit extract on normal fibroblasts and its antiproliferative potentiality on human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells. Primary dermal fibroblasts and human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells were treated with different concentrations of hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of D. microcarpum fruit pulp for 24h, 48h and 72h. The biocompatibility property of extracts on the normal fibroblasts and its antiproliferative activity on the human osteosarcoma cells were evaluated by using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenytetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The biocompatibility study of D. microcarpum fruit pulp showed that the chloroform extract has exhibited the highest cytotoxic effect on normal fibroblasts followed by the ethyl acetate extract. Hexane extract wasn’t cytotoxic at concentrations of 125 and 250 µg/mL but caused more than 80 % of cell death at a concentration of 500 µg/mL. Methanol extract didn’t show a significant cytotoxic effect. Furthermore, chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts showed the best antiproliferative activity on osteosarcoma cells. A complete cell death was observed when osteosarcoma cells were treated with ethyl acetate extract at all concentrations while chloroform extract at concentrations of 250 and 500 µg/mL caused a complete cells death. Methanol extract exhibited any antiprolifarative activity. Chloroform and ethyl acetate extract of fruits pulp of D. microcapum are potent source of anticancer phytomolecules and have potential to be a promising anti-osteosarcoma extract.

Antioxidant activity evaluated in vitro of endophytic fungi isolated from Talinum triangulare leaves

GONO Kpan Nestor — 2021-06-30

Endophytic fungi are microbes that reside in the tissues of living plants without causing any apparent damage. They are very diverse microorganisms that synthesize compounds of various classes within their host plants. The aim of this work is to evaluate the total phenol content and antioxidant capacity of endophytic fungal extracts isolated from the leaves of Talinum triangulare. For this purpose, the extraction of metabolites was carried out using ethyl acetate. The total phenols of the fungal extracts were determined by the classical colorimetric method of Folin-Ciocalteu and the antioxidant capacity was evaluated by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging method and the FRAP method. A total of four endophytic fungi coded CETt-01 to CETt-04 were isolated from this study. The CETt-02 endophyte showed higher antioxidant activity with an IC50 = 0.186 ± 0.043 mg/mL. This high antioxidant activity is positively correlated with its total phenol content. The genomic DNA of the active fungal strain (CETt-02) was isolated and ITS specific regions were amplified and sequenced. Thus, the characterization of this isolate by biology allowed to identify it as Diaporthe fraxini-angustifoliae. This work shows an interesting approach for the discovery of new natural antioxidant compounds.

Tulbaghia violacea Harv. Extracts Affect Key Intermediates of the Cryptococcus neoformans Ergosterol Biosynthetic Pathway

Benesh Munilal Somai — 2021-06-30

This study investigated the mechanism of inhibition of Cryptococcus neoformans by Tulbaghia violacea plant extract. C. neoformans cultures were treated with sub-inhibitory concentrations of T. violacea extract and the effect of the exposure on the production of various sterol intermediates was analyzed by high performance reverse phase liquid chromatography. Plant extract treated C. neoformans cultures exhibited reductions in ergosterol production after 48 hrs of exposure in a dose dependent manner. HPLC analysis overall revealed an accumulation in squalene, 2,3-oxidosqualene and lanosterol intermediates after extract treatment. It is therefore concluded that T. violacea extract reduced ergosterol production in C. neoformans by interfering with squalene epoxidase, 2,3-oxidosqualene lanosterol cyclase and lanosterol 14-a demethylase. The inhibitory effect of T. violacea plant extract on ergosterol production in C. neoformans unlocks the potential of this extract as a chemotherapeutic agent.

Screening of secondary metabolites and immunostimulation potential of poly herbal formoulation (Asparagus racemosus, Mucuna pruriens, Anacyclus pyrethrum and Tribulus terristeris) in Wistar Albino rats

M. Akram — 2021-06-30

Immune system is a defensive mechanism system which is responsible to defend against several foreign invading agents that harm individual health. It generates several types of cells which have ability to recognize, eliminate and kill all the undesirable agents. The immune system works by inhibition, multiplication, amplification, expression and induction response at different phases of immune system. Hence immunology is the most advance and recent biomedical research system which covers the prevention and treatment of wide range of medical disorders. In this study, Immunomodulatory activity of Polyherbal formulation was determined. First of all, plants methanolic extracts of Asparagus racemosus, Mucuna pruriens, Anacyclus pyrethrum, Tribulus terrestris were prepared. The methanolic extracts of each plant were taken separately in equal amount and mixed to prepare the Polyherbal formulation (PHF). Screening test was applied on PHF for quantitative analysis. Hemolytic activity, thrombolytic activity and antioxidant activity were determined on experimental animals. To demonstrate the effect of standard Immunol drug, CCl4 and polyherbal formulation extract on hematological parameters. The methanolic extract of PHF was dissolved in distilled water and the dose was selected at 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg body weight. Blood sample collected in EDTA as anticoagulant were processed to determine the effect of PHP on selected hematological parameters including hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell counts (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs) count and Platelets count. Liver enzymes like transaminases (ALT and AST), uric acid, urea and creatinine were determined by automated photometric method to evaluate the drug safety. Serum samples were using for the estimation of Immunoglobulin M and Immunoglobulin G using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Further, the C-reactive protein (CRP) was also estimated using standard protocol. Phytochemical screening of methanolic extract of polyherbal formulation showed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, phenols and cardiac glycosides. Bioactive constituent’s alkaloids, flavonoids and phenols were present in higher concentration. The maximum hemolysis was seen at a dose of 800μg/ml (40±0.38). The methanolic extracts of PHF were investigated for its thrombolytic activity. Addition of 800μl of streptokinase as positive control (30,000 IU/ ml) to clots and successive incubation for 90 minutes at 37 ºC showed 74.53±1.11% lysis of clot. Distilled water was considered as negative control which exhibit insignificant percentage of lysis of clot (3.74±0.51). In the study, the methanolic extract of PHF showed highest thrombolytic activity at 800μg/ml concentrations (41±0.38) when compared with streptokinase (positive control). When all the groups were compared the serum level ALT, AST, TAS, TOS and OSI 50 index, a statistically significant difference was observed between the groups. A variety of antioxidant function approaches have been suggested. During the study, it was found that induction of CCl4 increases the number of altered macrophages. However, the administration of Polyherbal extract in CCl4 intoxicated animals, the number of altered macrophages came to level. Administration of polyherbal formulation extract in control mice also showed significant reduction of changed macrophages. Immunomodulatory drugs are substances that can alter the immune function of an individual, are called immunostimulants if their immune responses are enhanced, or are called immunosuppressant’s if they decrease. These medications are most widely used in infections, allergies and cancer infections. Modern medical treatment is also far-reaching because of the economic limitations in developed countries including Pakistan. For immunomodular operations, just a few plants have been tested. The analysis indicates that many medicinal plants and marine products have immunomodulatory function, however there is little proof that their use in clinical practice is not allowed. In future work in herbal medicine, therefore, immunomodulatory agents should become more relevant.

Comparison Between Topical Sucralfate, Topical Platelet-Rich Plasma and Topical Ozonated Virgin Coconut Oil to Enhance Wound Healing in Diabetic Ulcer Mice model

Renni Yuniati — 2021-06-30

Diabetic ulcer is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus which can lead to further morbidity. Sucralfate, Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and ozonated virgin coconut oil (VCO) has been shown to provide good clinical outcomes in chronic ulcer healing. This study compares the effectiveness of topical sucralfate, topical PRP and topical ozonated VCO therapy for diabetic ulcer treatment in Wistar mice by observing wound length and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Ninety Wistar mice with full-thickness ulcer model on the back were divided into 5 groups. Four groups of mice were receiving diabetic induction using streptozotocin injection and were allocated as topical sucralfate (TS), topical PRP (TP), and topical ozonated VCO (TO) group. The remaining diabetic-positive mice were allocated as the diabetic-positive control group (PC) which received standard therapy, and the other non-diabetic mice were allocated as the diabetic-negative control group (NC) which did not receive any therapy. Topical ozonated VCO enhances the wound healing process better with the greatest wound reduction area and highest VEGF expression compared to topical sucralfate and topical PRP. Topical ozonated VCO can potentially accelerate wound healing in diabetic ulcers better than topical sucralfate and topical PRP.